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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528269

ABSTRACT

El diagnóstico por bioimpedancia (BIA) y el ángulo de fase (AnF), como indicador, permiten monitorear el estado físico, de salud y nutricional en adultos mayores. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la relación entre la condición física y valores de fase angular por bioimpedancia en un grupo de adultos mayores sedentarios. Participaron voluntariamente 24 adultos mayores sedentarios (21 mujeres y 3 hombres). A cada participante se les midió bioimpedancia, fuerza de presión manual y test de 6 minutos del Senior Fitness Test (SFT). Posteriormente se analizaron los resultados, correlacionando el ángulo de fase (AnF) y condición física cardiorrespiratoria según sexo y el AnF con la fuerza de presión manual. El 71% presentó una media de AnF por debajo de la referencia (4,5º ± 0,4), específicamente, el 67% de los hombres y el 62% de las mujeres. La correlación entre AnF y capacidad física cardiorrespiratoria arrojó un valor de R2= 0,50; p<0,0001. La asociación entre AnF y fuerza de presión manual fue de R2=0,35; p=0,0023. Se encontró una relación significativa entre una prueba de condición física cardiorrespiratoria y AnF y entre la fuerza de presión manual y AnF. Es de importancia clínica incluir parámetros objetivos de valoración celular en adultos mayores como el AnF.


The diagnosis by bioimpedance (BIA) and the phase angle (PhA) are indicators, that allow monitoring of the physical health and nutritional status of older adults. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between physical fitness and phase angle values by bioimpedance in a group of sedentary older adults. 24 elderly sedentary volunteers participated (21 women and 3 men). Each participant underwent bioimpedance, manual dynamometry, and the 6-minute Senior Fitness Test (SFT). Subsequently, the results were analyzed, making a correlation between PhA and cardiorespiratory physical condition, another between PhA and cardiorespiratory physical condition according to sex and finally an association between PhA and handgrip strength. R71% presented a PhA mean below the reference (4.5º ± 0.4), specifically 67% of men and 62% of women. The correlation between PhA and cardiorespiratory fitness showed a value of R2= 0.50; p<0.0001. The association between PhA and handgrip strength was R2=0.35; p=0.0023. A significant relationship was found between a cardiorespiratory fitness test and PhA and between handgrip strength and PhA. It is of clinical importance to include objective cellular assessment parameters in older adults such as PhA.


O diagnóstico por bioimpedância (BIA) e ângulo de fase (AnF), como indicador, permitem monitorar o estado físico, de saúde e nutricional de idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer a relação entre a condição física e os valores da fase angular por bioimpedância em um grupo de idosos sedentários. Participaram voluntariamente 24 idosos sedentários (21 mulheres e 3 homens). Cada participante foi medido bioimpedância, força de pressão manual e teste de 6 minutos do Senior Fitness Test (SFT). Posteriormente, os resultados foram analisados, correlacionando o ângulo de fase (AnF) e a condição física cardiorrespiratória de acordo com o sexo e o AnF com a força de pressão manual. 71% apresentaram média do LAn abaixo da referência (4,5º ± 0,4), sendo 67% dos homens e 62% das mulheres. A correlação entre o LAn e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória deu um valor de R2= 0,50; p<0,0001. A associação entre LAn e força de pressão manual foi R2=0,35; p=0,0023. Encontrou-se relação significativa entre teste de aptidão cardiorrespiratória e NF e entre força de pressão manual e NF. É de importância clínica incluir parâmetros objetivos de avaliação celular em adultos mais velhos, como AnF.

2.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(1): 252-259, feb. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385311

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El fútbol es el deporte más popular del mundo, por lo que las variables que benefician el rendimiento y el éxito deportivo generan un gran interés y ocupan un rol esencial en la preparación de futbolistas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la composición corporal y la proporcionalidad según la categoría y posición de juego. Se evaluaron a través de antropometría a 111 futbolistas de la selección chilena de fútbol en las categorías sub-15 (14,6±0,3 años), sub-17 (16,3±0,5 años), sub-20 (19,0±0,7 años) y elite (24,3±4,7 años); la significación se estableció en p<.05. En cuanto al peso, los porteros tuvieron el valor más alto para su posición; la categoría sub-20 obtuvo el valor más alto (83,7±3,8 kg). En cuanto a la estatura, los defensas centrales elite y la categoría sub-17 tuvieron los valores más altos (187,0±4,2 cm y 179,9±3,5 cm, respectivamente). Los porteros de todas las categorías tienen los mayores valores de IMC, siendo la categoría elite el más alto (25,1±1,3 kg/m2). Los delanteros/extremos sub-17 años tienen los valores más altos de masa muscular (60,5±8,0 %), mientras que los laterales sub-15 tienen los valores más bajos de masa grasa (9,6±0,7 %). Los jugadores de la selección chilena de fútbol tienen valores similares a los de otras investigaciones con jugadores de la misma edad y categoría; sin embargo, las categorías más jóvenes presentan diferencias significativas en las variables que proporcionan ventajas durante un partido con la categoría elite. Por lo tanto, se debe hacer énfasis en equiparar las condiciones físicas antes de promover a un jugador a categorías de mayor edad.


SUMMARY: Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. Thus, the variables that benefit performance and success have sparked great interest and occupy an essential role in the preparation of athletes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the body composition and proportionality according to categories and playing position. 111 male soccer players of the Chilean national soccer team under-15 (14.6±0.3 years), under-17 (16.3±0.5 years), under-20 (19.0±0.7 years), and elite (24.3±4.7 years) categories were evaluated through anthropometry. Values of body composition and proportionality were recorded and organized by position and category; significance was established at p<.05. For weight, goalkeepers had the highest for their position; under-20 players, the highest for their category (83.7±3.8 kg). Regarding height, elite and under-17 central defenders had the highest values (187.0±4.2 cm and 179.9±3.5 cm, respectively). Goalkeepers in all categories have the highest BMI values; the highest were observed in elite (25.1±1.3 kg/m2). Under-17 forwards/extremes had the highest values in terms of muscle mass percentage (60.5±8.0 %), whereas under-15 fullbacks have the lowest values in terms of fat mass (9.6±0.7 %). The players of the Chilean national soccer team have similar values to other researches with players of the same age and category; however, the younger categories have significant differences in the variables that provide advantages during a game with the elite category. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on equating physical conditions before promoting a player to the older categories.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Young Adult , Soccer , Body Composition , Anthropometry , Chile
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(1)ene. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389348

ABSTRACT

Background: Among older people, physical exercise improves cognitive function, aerobic fitness, and thus functional independence. Aim: To determine the effects of a walking training program on aerobic fitness and cognitive function in older women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: An experimental study was carried out in 76 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged between 64 and 78 years. Thirty-eight women in the exercise group (EG) participated in a controlled walking program 3 times a week for 48 sessions (60min /day) and 38 women in the control group (CG) were not trained. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and cognitive function using the Minimental test were evaluated at baseline and the end of the intervention. Results: The Minimental test improved significantly in the exercise group and did not change in the control group. Estimated VO-2max improved in women aged between 69 and 78 years. The distance walked in 6 minutes increased in all women of the experimental group. No changes in these parameters were observed in the control group. Conclusions: A structured walking program improved cognitive function, estimated aerobic capacity, and walking distance in these diabetic women.

4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(4): 469-477, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127087

ABSTRACT

Background Physical activity and dietary prescription are the mainstay of overweight and obesity management. Aim To compare the effects of physical activity or dietary management in overweight or obese sedentary women. Material and Methods Thirty-four physically inactive adult women with overweight or obesity, were intentionally divided into three groups: controls (C), exercise (E) and dietary prescription (DP). Women in the E group were trained in a circuit for twelve weeks and a hypocaloric diet was prescribed to those in the DP group. Blood pressure, body composition and phase angle (FA) measured using bioimpedance and dynamometry, were measured at baseline and the end of the intervention. Results Women in the E group had a significant increase in muscle mass and intracellular water and significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. No significant differences in dynamometry were observed between groups. The DP group had significant decreases in body weight, fat mass, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions The DP group had a higher weight reduction than the E group. Dietary prescription should be complemented with a physical activity program in the management of overweight or obesity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Overweight , Obesity , Exercise , Diet , Exercise Therapy
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(3): 295-303, mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115792

ABSTRACT

Background: A higher educational level is associated with healthier lifestyles. Aim: To assess the association between the level of compliance with physical activity recommendations and years of formal education in Chilean adults. Material and Methods: Analysis include 6,174 participants from the National Health Survey 2016-2017. Physical activity levels were assessed through the Global Physical Questionnaire (GPAQ v2). Physical inactivity was defined as < 600 MET/minute/week. Results: Among subjects without education, 44% and 27% of women and men respectively, were physically inactive. Among women and men with the highest number of years of education (> 16) the figures for physical inactivity were 27% and 15% respectively. The odds for not meeting the physical activity recommendations was 2.3 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.57; 3.38] and 3.9 [95% CI: 2.27; 6.95] in women and men without any formal education respectively, as compared with those who reported 12 years of education. Women and men who reported a high level of education ≥ (16 years) did not show significant differences compared to the reference group. Conclusions: People with low levels of education are were likely to be physically inactive.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sedentary Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors , Exercise , Chile , Health Education , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(1): 37-45, Jan. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094204

ABSTRACT

Background: It is unknown if nutritional status could influence the accuracy of self-reported physical activity (PA) levels. Aim: To compare PA measured using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and by accelerometry (ActiGraph) according to nutritional status in Chilean adults. Material and Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study that used information from the GENADIO project carried out in Chile between 2009-2011. The sample consisted of 322 people. PA levels and sitting time were determined through the IPAQ self-report questionnaire and ActiGraph accelerometers (GTM1). The nutritional status was determined according to body mass index (BMI). Results: Compared with the measurement made with accelerometry, the IPAQ self-report questionnaire underestimated the levels of light PA, total PA and sedentary time in −171.5, −54.8 and −40.6 min / day, respectively. However, IPAQ overestimated the levels of moderate PA and vigorous PA in 91.0 and 47.3 min/day respectively, compared with accelerometry. Compared with normal weight, obese subjects reported higher levels of moderate PA (105.5 and 48.9 min/day, respectively) and vigorous PA (54.1 and 38.3 min/day respectively). Total PA had a greater delta of underestimation between IPAQ and accelerometer measurements in normal weight than in obese subjects (-122.1 vs −16.5 min/day, respectively). Conclusions: The measurement of PA by means of a self-report questionnaire was discrepant with its objective measurement with an accelerometer. The discrepancy is even higher in obese people.


Subject(s)
Humans , Exercise , Nutritional Status , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Self Report , Motor Activity
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(9): 1144-1153, set. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058657

ABSTRACT

Background: Housewives represent a important proportion of the Chilean population. However, there is limited evidence about their lifestyles. Aim: To characterize lifestyles and determine the level of compliance with healthy lifestyles guidelines of housewives in Chile. Material and Methods: Housewives from the 2009-2010 National Health Survey were included. The variables studied included levels of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, diet, hours of sleep and smoking. Compliance with healthy lifestyle behaviors was evaluated through logistic regression, granting a value of 1 for compliance and 0 for non-compliance. A healthy lifestyle was defined as meeting at least four healthy behaviors. Results: Housewives aged > 55 years had a higher BMI and waist circumference compared to those aged < 40 years. Housewives were also more likely to report moderate alcohol consumption and were more likely to meet a healthier lifestyle score (Odds ratio = 1.52 [95% confidence intervals: 1.09 to 2.11], p = 0.013). No significant age trends were observed for other lifestyle behaviors. Conclusions: Housewives had high levels of central obesity, excess body weight and high levels of salt intake but low alcohol intake. Their healthy lifestyles behaviors increased along with increasing age.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Exercise , Life Style , Chile/epidemiology , Health Surveys , Sedentary Behavior
8.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 38(4): 496-506, oct.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-983959

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The deterioration of cognition is highly predominant in older adults. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a walking program on the cognition and blood concentration of lipids in women over 60 years of age who were being treated with lovastatin. Materials and methods: Participants were distributed in two groups: An exercise group (EG, n=45) with aerobic training and an inactive sedentary group (SG, n=22). The cognitive state of the subjects was assessed through the Spanish Mini-Cog Test version of the MMSE; lipoproteins were quantified using a lipid profile test, and the cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using the six-minute walking test (6MWT). Results: EG showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in cardiorespiratory fitness and in HDL-C concentrations. Furthermore, the results from the cognition tests showed a large effect size in spatial orientation and in and calculation. The decrease in LDL-C was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: A controlled and progressive walking program for older women treated with Lovastatin may induce a boost of brain activity linked to HDL-C, which could delay cognitive impairment.


Introducción. El deterioro cognitivo tiene una gran incidencia en el adulto mayor. Objetivo. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos sobre la cognición y la concentración de lípidos de un programa de caminatas en mujeres mayores de 60 años tratadas con lovastatina. Materiales y métodos. Las participantes se distribuyeron en dos grupos: uno con ejercicio (EG, n=45) sometido a entrenamiento aeróbico y otro inactivo o sedentario (SG, n=22). El estado cognitivo se evaluó mediante la versión en español del Mini-Mental Test. Los niveles de lipoproteínas se midieron con una prueba de perfil lipídico y la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria se valoró con la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos (Six-Minute Walking Test, 6MWT). Resultados. El grupo con ejercicio mostró una mejora significativa (p<0,05) de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y de las concentraciones de colesterol HDL. Además, en la prueba de cognición se observó un efecto de gran tamaño en la orientación espacial, en la atención y en el cálculo. La reducción del colesterol LDL no fue significativa. Conclusión. Un programa de entrenamiento progresivo y supervisado para mujeres mayores tratadas con lovastatina, podría mejorar la actividad cerebral relacionada con el colesterol HDL, lo cual podría retrasar el deterioro cognitivo.


Subject(s)
Exercise , Cognition , Dyslipidemias , Aging , Mental Health , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(4): 442-450, abr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961414

ABSTRACT

Background: A high percentage of Chilean university students are inactive. Aim: To determine differences in physical activity (PA) levels and energy expenditure in a group of university students according to their length of stay in the university. Material and Methods: We studied 56 students aged 22 ± 2 years (29 women). They wore a triaxial accelerometer during seven days, determining steps/day, steps/min, sedentary time and PA levels. Participants also answered a PA questionnaire. Their weight and height were measured. They were divided in two groups according to the time spent at university (1-2 years and 3-5 years). Results: No significant differences in energy expenditure were observed between both groups of students. The number of steps/day and steps/ min was significantly higher in the group with 3 to 5 years in the university than their counterparts with 1-2 years. Conclusions: As the university years increase, there is a tendency to increase the time spent walking (18.3%) but without an increase in the moderate-vigorous PA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Students/psychology , Universities/statistics & numerical data , Exercise/psychology , Time Factors , Chile , Surveys and Questionnaires , Energy Metabolism , Accelerometry/methods , Life Style
10.
Univ. salud ; 18(3): 474-481, sep.-dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-963333

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La etapa universitaria es un proceso determinante para consolidar los hábitos de vida, donde los estudiantes se ven obligados a cambiar la mayoría de sus hábitos, que propician una mala alimentación, pobre organización del tiempo y menor actividad física, teniendo repercusiones en la condición y estructura física, lo que puede afectar considerablemente el estado de salud de esta población. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las diferencias en la composición corporal y actividad física en estudiantes universitarios según su año de ingreso. Materiales y métodos: Participaron en el estudio 287 estudiantes de ambos sexos (171 mujeres y 116 hombres), pertenecientes a las facultades de "Filosofía y Educación", "Ingenierías" y "Ciencias", a los cuales se les realizó una evaluación antropométrica para estimar la composición corporal con las ecuaciones de De Rose y Guimaraes y un cuestionario de frecuencia de actividad física. Resultados: Los resultados indican que existen diferencias en el Índice de Masa Corporal y masa grasa entre estudiantes mujeres de 1º y 2º año y entre 1º y 5º año en los hombres. La masa muscular no presenta grandes diferencias entre los grupos, pero si se aprecia cambios negativos entre el Índice de Masa Corporal y masa grasa de estudiantes que recién ingresan versus los estudiantes de último año. Conclusiones: Durante la universidad se vive un periodo crítico que afecta el nivel actividad física y el estado nutricional de los estudiantes y que podría empeorar en estudiantes con más años en la universidad.


Introduction: The university stage is a determining process when consolidating people's habits of life, where students are forced to change most of their habits favoring a poor diet, poor organization of time and less physical activity, which at the same time, has an impact on the condition and physical structure and can significantly affect the health status of this population. Objective: To determine the differences in body composition and physical activity in university students according to their year of admission. Materials and methods: The study involved 287 male and female students (171 women and 116 men) who belonged to the faculties of Philosophy and Education, Engineering and Science, who underwent an anthropometric assessment to estimate body composition with De Rose and Guimaraes equations and a frequency of physical activity questionnaire. Results: The results show that there are differences in Body Mass Index and fat mass among female students of first and second year and between the first and fifth year in men. Muscle mass had no significant differences between groups, but there is negative changes between Body Mass Index and fat mass from students newly admitted versus students in their last year. Conclusions: During the university stage, students face a critical period that affects their physical activity level and nutritional status, which could get worse for students with more years at the university.


Subject(s)
Students , Body Composition , Exercise
11.
Educ. fis. deporte ; 34(2): 507-524, jul.-dic. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-831029

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y describir las medidas antropométricas, composición corporal y somatotipo de futbolistas brasileños en varias categorías y posiciones de accionamiento en el campo. La muestra de este estudio está conformada por un grupo de 1.115 jugadores de fútbol masculino y divididos en ocho grupos: Sub 07 (n=60); Sub 09 (n=75); Sub 11 (n=140); Sub 13 (n=182); Sub 15 (n=184); Sub 17 (n=166); Sub 20 (n=144) y Profesionales (n=164). Se utilizó una estadística descriptiva (media ± desviación estándar) a través del SSPS y utlilizando v21 "One-way ANOVA" complementando la prueba "Bonferroni" de significância, considerando um valor p<0,05. Las variables antropométricas relacionados con la composición corporal: peso corporal, altura, porcentaje de grasa corporal, SDC (suma de los pliegues cutáneos), mostraron la evolución perfecta entre las categorías analizadas, lo que significa que existe una armonía en el proceso de evolución entre los grupos.


Objetivo: identificar e descrever as medidas antropométricas, de composição corporal e do somatotipo de jogadores brasileiros em diversas categorias e posições no campo. Método: a amostra consistiu em 1.115 jogadores de futebol do sexo masculino e divididos em oito grupos: Under 07(n = 60); Sub-09 (n = 75); Sub 11 (n = 140); Sub 13 (n = 182); Sub 15 (n =184); Sub 17 (n = 166); Sub-20 (n = 144) e Professional (n = 164). Estatística descritiva (média ± desvio padrão) foi utilizada através do SPSS, utilizandov21 “one-way ANOVA”, complementar “Bonferroni” significado, um teste considerando o valor de p <0,05. Resultado: as variáveis antropométricas relacionadas à composição corporal: massa corporal, estatura, percentual de gordura corporal, SDC (somatório das dobras cutâneas) mostraram a evolução perfeita entre as categorias analisadas. Conclusão: há harmonia no processo de evolução entre grupos.


Objective: To identify and describe the anthropometric measurements,body composition and somatotype of Brazilian players in various categories and positions in the field. Method: The sample consisted of 1,115 malesoccer players and divided into eight groups: Under 07 (n = 60); Sub-09(n = 75); Sub 11 (n = 140); Sub 13 (n = 182); Sub 15 (n = 184); Under 17(n = 166); U-20 (n = 144) and Professional (n = 164). Descriptive statistics(mean ± standard deviation) was used through SPSS, using v21 “one-wayANOVA”, complementary “Bonferroni” significance test considering thevalue of p <0.05. Results: Anthropometric variables related to body composition:body weight, height, body fat percentage, SDC (sum of skin folds)showed the perfect evolution of the categories analyzed. Conclusion: thereis harmony in the evolution process between groups.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Soccer , Young Adult
13.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(2): 703-708, jun. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-714332

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar y comparar la composición corporal de deportistas chilenos juveniles destacados, pertenecientes a las selecciones nacionales en el año 2011, de diferentes disciplinas deportivas mediante métodos antropométricos. Fueron evaluados 4 grupos de deportistas juveniles de alto rendimiento, con un número total de 92 individuos, pertenecientes a las disciplinas de lucha olímpica, halterofilia, básquetbol y fútbol. La Masa Muscular de los miembros superiores (MMES) es mayor en basquetbolistas y Halterofilistas con 7,49 (±1,25) y 7,50 (±2,54) kg respectivamente, al ser comparado con futbolistas, quienes obtuvieron un promedio de 5,27 (±0,37) kg. Por otra parte la lucha olímpica posee un promedio de masa muscular de 6,46 (±1,50) kg, la cual está por debajo de los basquetbolistas y Halterofilistas, debido a que la utilización de los miembros superiores es menor que en las disciplinas anteriormente mencionadas, pero a su vez, es mayor que la de los futbolistas. No se aprecian diferencias importantes en la masa muscular total, pero que son marcadas en la masa muscular por segmentos. Concluimos que la estimación de la masa muscular total, no es un elemento suficiente para determinar y predecir el rendimiento deportivo de los sujetos, a diferencia de la segmentación de la masa muscular que permite comparar de mejor forma, la manera en que se distribuye este componente en las distintas disciplinas deportivas, mejorando la especificidad del conocimiento.


The aim of this study was to determine and compare by anthropometric methods, the body composition of elite young Chilean athletes, who were part of the 2011 national team in different sports. Four groups of elite young athletes were evaluated, with a total number of 92 individuals belonging to the wrestling, weightlifting, basketball and football disciplines. The muscle mass of the upper extremities (MMES) is higher in basketball players and bodybuilders with 7.49 (±1.25) and 7.50 (±2.54) kg respectively, when compared with players who scored an average of 5.27 (±0.37) kg. Moreover, wrestling has an average muscle mass of 6.46 (±1.50) kg which is below that of basketball players and bodybuilders, because the use of upper limbs is less than in disciplines mentioned above, but in turn, is greater than that of football players. No significant differences in total muscle mass are reported, however, there are marked differences in muscle mass segment. We concluded that the estimate of total muscle mass is not sufficient basis to determine and predict athletic performance of the subjects. Muscle mass segment on the other hand, provides a better comparison range for the way in which this component is distributed among different sports disciplines, improving specific knowledge and information.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Body Composition , Athletes , Muscles/anatomy & histology , Chile , Anthropometry
14.
Univ. salud ; 15(2): 123-135, jul.-dic. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-704590

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los universitarios son un grupo particular, quienes por diversos motivos son vulnerables a una mala nutrición y a un bajo nivel de ejercicio físico. Objetivo: Determinar el estado nutricional y algunos componentes que definen el estilo de vida en este grupo de estudiantes. Métodos: Se evaluaron 323 estudiantes universitarios pertenecientes a 27 carreras y asistentes a los cursos de "Autocuidado y Vida Saludable" dictados durante el año 2012. Se determino el IMC, la masa grasa a través de la ecuación de Yuhasz de 1974, se aplicó el instrumento para determinar el nivel de actividad física, el test de Kidmed para la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la prueba Adimark para el nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: El bajo nivel de ejercicio físico y la baja calidad alimentaria de estos estudiantes, tienen efectos negativos en su estado de salud. No se pudo establecer el nivel socioeconómico como factor preponderante en el desarrollo de los malos hábitos, pero al parecer los conocimientos sobre nutrición afectan la calidad alimentaria. Conclusión: Se apreció en este grupo que dos de los principales componentes del estilo de vida saludable, el ejercicio y la alimentación, se encuentran deteriorados y podría proyectarse un empeoramiento de estos factores, transformándose el "ciclo universitario" en un periodo de transición que influye en el desarrollo de Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles, ECNT en la adultez.


Introduction: University students are a particular group, who for various reasons are vulnerable to poor nutrition and low level of physical exercise. Objective: To determine the nutritional status and some components which define the lifestyle in this group of students. Methods: 323 college students from 27 careers who were attending the courses of "Self-Care and Healthy Life" in 2012 were evaluated. The BMI and the fat mass through 1974 Yuhasz equation were determined, the instrument to determine the level of physical activity is applied as well as the Kidmed test for adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the test ADIMARK for the socioeconomic status. Results: The low levels of physical exercise and poor food quality of these students have negative effects on their health. It could not be possible to establish the socioeconomic status as major factor in the development of bad habits, but apparently nutrition knowledge affect food quality. Conclusion: It can be seen in this group that two of the main components of healthy lifestyle, which are exercise and diet, are damaged and a worsening of these factors could be projected, transforming the "university cycle" in a period of transition that influences the development of chronic diseases in adulthood


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Students , Exercise , Nutritional Status , Life Style
15.
Int. j. morphol ; 31(2): 609-614, jun. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-687111

ABSTRACT

La tendencia en la formación en el futbol, determina que las variables antropométricas sean importantes al momento de definir entre otras cosas, la posición de juego más idónea. Estos parámetros morfológicos son una parte esencial de la evaluación y selección de los deportistas. Estos patrones permiten determinar la evolución física del futbolista desde temprana edad, lo que ayuda enormemente en la intervención de los mismos. Se evaluó antropométricamente, a un total de 406 futbolistas profesionales, pertenecientes a 15 clubes chilenos, de los cuales 12 pertenecen a Primera División y 3 clubes a Primera B. Existen diferencias en algunas variables antropométricas básicas por posición de juego, que nos ponen en desventaja frente a otros jugadores internacionales, como la estatura. No hay diferencias en el Phantom ni en el somatotipo por posición de juego, es decir tienen variables relativamente homogéneas. Esto podría hacernos pensar que un jugador puede desempeñarse en cualquier posición de juego, pero hemos visto que la estatura, el peso y la masa grasa son distintas por cada posición, por lo que cada jugador tiene su función y sus propias características en las que los entrenadores y preparadores deben fijarse al momento de ubicar a cada jugador en su función específica.


The trend in the formation in football, determines that the anthropometric variables are important when defining among other things, the most suitable playing position. These morphological parameters are an essential part of the evaluation and selection of athletes. These patterns can determine the physical evolution of football from an early age, which helps tremendously in the operation thereof. Anthropometrically, a total of 406 professional footballers from 15 Chilean clubs were evaluated, of which 12 belong to the first division clubs and 3 to First B. There are differences in some basic anthropometric variables by playing position, which places us at a disadvantage compared to other international players, such as height. No differences in the Phantom or the somatotype by playing position, i.e. variables are relatively homogeneous. This could suggest that a player can perform at any position in the game, but we have seen that the height, weight and fat mass are different for each position, so that each player has their own characteristics and their role in the coaches and trainers should be fixed at the time of placing each player on their specific function.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anthropometry , Soccer , Chile , Somatotypes
16.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(2): 550-556, jun. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-651828

ABSTRACT

Anthropometric methods used to estimate muscle mass (MM) do not specify values for body segments, a critical fact for individuals practicing physical activities or clinical diagnosis. In this study, 60 recreational athletes are anthropometrically evaluated and also undergo dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression statistics is subsequently used to establish the constants allowing the obtaining of the segment MM. Three equations were obtained, one for the upper members: MMUL = (0.533*FAP) - (0.176*RAP) + (0.42*WP) + (0.282*SRL) - 19,985; a second equation for muscle mass of the lower members: MMLL = (0.186*H) - (0.158*LTTL) - (0.024*LTL) + (0451*LP) ­ 24.535; and the third one for the muscle mass of the trunk TrMM = (0.026*W) + (0.046*H) + (0.154*TTD) + (0.025*NP) ­ (0.025*AP) ­ 5.839. These equations enable getting detailed information on the MM distribution through an easy-to-access and fast technique, such as the anthropometry, from a gold standard method like DEXA.


Métodos antropométricos eran usados para estimar la masa muscular (MM) no especificando valores para segmentos de cuerpo, un hecho crítico para individuos que practican actividades físicas o el diagnóstico clínico. En este estudio, 60 atletas recreacionales son evaluados antropometricalmente y por absorciometría de energía dual de Rayos X. La estadística de regresión lineal posteriormente es usada para establecer el constante el permiso de la obtención del mm de segmento. Tres ecuaciones fueron obtenidas, un para los miembros superiores: MMUL = (0.533*FAP) - (0.176*RAP) + (0.42*WP) + (0.282*SRL) - 19,985; una segunda ecuación para la masa muscular de los miembros superiores: MMLL = (0.186*H) - (0.158*LTTL) - (0.024*LTL) + (0451*LP) ­ 24.535; y una tercera para la masa muscular del tronco: TrMM = (0.026*W) + (0.046*H) + (0.154*TTD) + (0.025*NP) ­ (0.025*AP) ­ 5.839. Estas ecuaciones permiten la adquisición de la información detallada sobre la distribución de MM por una técnica de acceso fácil y rápido, como la antropometría, de un método de gold estándar como DEXA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Absorptiometry, Photon , Athletes , Anthropometry/methods , Muscles/anatomy & histology , Predictive Value of Tests , Regression Analysis
17.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(1): 7-14, mar. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-638751

ABSTRACT

Las ecuaciones antropométricas para estimar la masa muscular, permiten obtener los valores de sólo la masa muscular total (MM total). En un reciente trabajo (Rodríguez et al., 2010), propone una ecuación para la estimación de la masa muscular de los miembros superiores e inferiores. Se evalúan 68 sujetos, estudiantes de educación física, rugbistas, futbolistas y gimnastas. El grupo de rugbistas presenta mayor cantidad de masa muscular en los miembros superiores (MMES) que el resto de los grupos. La MM total y la Masa muscular de los miembros inferiores (MMEI) son significativamente más altas en los rugbistas y futbolistas en comparación a los otros sujetos. La distribución de la masa muscular por regiones corporales es distinta entre las disciplinas deportivas, ya que los requerimientos musculares difieren de uno a otro, volviéndose cada deportista, especialista en su área de desarrollo motriz. La MMEI representa más de mitad de la MM total, por lo tanto a mayor MMEI, mayor MM total.


The anthropometric equations for estimating muscle mass provide the values of total muscle mass (MM total)only. In a recent paper (Rodriguez et al., 2010) proposed an equation to estimate muscle mass in the upper and lower limb. We evaluated 68 subjects, physical education students, rugby players, football players and gymnasts. The rugby group had a greater amount of muscle mass in the upper limb (MMES) than other groups. The MM and total muscle mass of the lower limb (MMEI) was significantly higher in rugby players, compared to other subjects. The distribution of muscle mass by body regions was different between sports, since the requirements differ from one muscle to another, with each athlete becoming a specialist in his or her area of motor development. MMEI mass represents more than half the total MM therefore higher MMEI, increased total MM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Body Fat Distribution , Body Mass Index , Football , Soccer , Sports , Physical Education and Training/methods , Body Weights and Measures/methods , Students
18.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(1): 247-252, mar. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-638794

ABSTRACT

El fútbol juvenil, se profesionaliza cada día más, al punto de incluir a los jóvenes en los equipos adultos que juegan en los Torneos Profesionales. Para que esto ocurra es necesario que los jóvenes deportistas estén físicamente aptos para enfrentar las exigencias físicas del futbol profesional. Se evaluó antropométricamente a un total de 217 sujetos distribuidos en dos grupos, sub 16 y sub 17. Los jóvenes futbolistas, presentan diferencias en la estructura corporal con respecto a futbolistas profesionales, demostrando una falta de desarrollo madurativo y deportivo, que según la evidencia, los hace menos aptos físicamente, para enfrentar exigencias físicas, típicas del futbol profesional. La masa muscular de los sujetos es menor que la de futbolistas profesionales, por lo que no están aptos para ser incluidos dentro del equipo de honor en los partidos de competencia, con el riesgo de sufrir lesiones y de tener un rendimiento físico menor.


Youth soccer is becoming increasingly professionalized to the point of being admitted to adult teams playing in the top leagues. For this to happen it is necessary that young athletes are physically fit to meet the physical demands of professional soccer. Anthropometric assessment was performed in a total of 217 subjects divided into two groups, sub 16 and sub 17. The young players have differences in body structure with respect to professional players, showing a lack of sports development and maturation, which the evidence, the less physically fit to face the physical demands are typical of professional soccer. The muscle mass of subjects is less than professional players, so they are not suitable for inclusion in the professional team in competition matches, with the risk of injury and having a lower physical performance.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Body Mass Index , Muscle Development , Body Composition , Soccer
19.
Int. j. morphol ; 28(4): 1159-1165, dic. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-582905

ABSTRACT

En nuestro país y en el mundo se han realizado una serie de investigaciones en el área de la morfoestructura humana, pero pocos trabajos que describan el perfil antropométrico de personas jóvenes saludables. Se evaluaron a 100 hombres y 79 mujeres de entre 20 y 29 años de edad, sin factores de riesgo a la salud. Se evaluó de acuerdo a un protocolo de ISAK con variables que permite estimar la composición corporal y el somatotipo de los individuos. De esta manera se presentan las tablas de resultados como una forma de usarlas de referencia. Nuestro grupo de referencia evaluado (CHIREF) con sus resultados de composición corporal, somatotipo e índices corporales, aporta una nueva fuente de información de la V Región y actualizada para Chile, la cual favorecerá las comparaciones para distintos grupos de edades, condiciones de salud, deportes y etnias, considerando la necesidad de aumentar el grupo etario y la cantidad de variables antropométricas para ampliar el universo de comparación y mejorar la referencia comparativa.


In our country and worldwide, extensive research has been carried out in the human morphostructure, however there is limited work that describes the anthropometric profile of young healthy individuals. One hundred men and seventy nine women were evaluated between 20 and 29 years of age without health risk factors. The evaluation was in accordance with ISAK protocol and variables in body composition estimate and somatotype. Reference tables of the results are also included. Reference group (CHIREF) with the results of body composition, somatotype and other corporal indexes contribute as a source of information from Chile, which will aid in comparison studies for different age groups, health conditions, sports and ethnicity, considering the need to increase the age group and the amount of anthropometric variables so as to expand the range of comparison and improve comparative referentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Body Composition , Somatotypes , Anthropometry , Body Mass Index , Chile , Reference Values , Sex Characteristics
20.
Int. j. morphol ; 28(4): 1205-1210, dic. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-582911

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de esta investigación es crear una fórmula de regresión que permita establecer la cantidad de masa muscular por región considerando como "gold estándar" al método DEXA. Se evaluaron 20 ciclistas entrenados de nivel amateur considerando 45 variables antropométricas, para posteriormente aplicar el método DEXA. A través de ecuaciones de regresión en la plataforma SPSS 17, se estableció una fórmula de estimación para masa muscular de los miembros superiores donde, MMES (kg) = ((Talla ­ Pliegue Triceps)x(0,043xPerímetro Brazo relajado2) ­ Peso) / 1000, con un valor r= 0,83 y un error estimado de 0,61 kg. Para la masa muscular de los miembros inferiores se estableció, MMEI (kg) = (Talla ­ Suma Pliegues Muslo y Pierna) x Diámetro Femoral2 + (Perímetro Muslo Medio + Perímetro Pierna) / 1000, con un r= 0,74 y un error de estimación de 1,2 kg. La determinación de estos componentes por segmento, mejoran la especificidad del conocimiento anatómico de individuos de distintas poblaciones, especialmente en deportistas, quienes difieren su distribución de tejidos de acuerdo a la disciplina deportiva y a muy bajo costo, como lo hace la antropometría.


The aim of this investigation is to create a regression formula that allows establishING the quantity of muscle mass for limb considering "gold standard " to the DEXA method. 20 amateur cyclists trained are evaluated considering 45 anthropometrics measures, later applying the method DEXA across equations of regression in the platform SPSS 17, a formula of estimation is established for muscle mass of the upper limb where, MMES (kg) = ((Height - Fold triceps) x (0.043 x perimeter relaxed arm2) - Weigh) / 1000, with a value r = 0.83 and one mistake estimated of 0,61 kg. For the muscle mass for low limb it is established, MMEI (kg) = (Height - adds folds thigh and leg) x diameter femoral2 + (Perimeter average thigh + Perimeter leg) / 1000, with r= 0.74 and estimation error of 1.2 kg. The determination of these components by segment, improve the specificity of the anatomical knowledge of individuals of different populations, particularly in sportsmen, who defer his distribution of tissue according to the sports discipline and at a very low cost, since anthropometry does.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Absorptiometry, Photon , Algorithms , Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology , Anthropometry , Bicycling , Body Composition , Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology
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